Solitaire Around the World - A Global Guide to Patience Card Game Terminology
Solitaire, known for its solitary card play, goes by different names across the globe. In North America, they commonly call it "Solitaire," but step across the Atlantic, and you'll hear British players refer to it as "Patience."
The classic card game we know as Solitaire in the United States is called Patience in the UK, Australia, and most Commonwealth countries, Klondike in parts of Canada, and Kabale in Denmark and Norway. French players know it as Réussite (meaning "success"), while Germans call it Idiot's Delight or Harzer Roller.
These naming variations reflect the game's wide cultural spread and long history. Each name offers insight into how different cultures view this solitary pastime - whether emphasizing the patience required, the place it originated, or the satisfaction of winning.
Historical Origins of Solitaire
Solitaire emerged as a card game of patience and skill, evolving from European fortune-telling practices to become a worldwide pastime with numerous variations and names.
European Beginnings
The origins of solitaire date back to the late 18th century in Northern Europe, particularly in Baltic regions. Early evidence suggests the game first appeared in Germany and Scandinavia around 1780.
The game was initially known as "patience" in most European countries, reflecting the temperament required to play successfully. French aristocrats embraced the game during the French Revolution, when many were imprisoned with little entertainment but a deck of cards.
In Britain, the game gained popularity during the Victorian era. Lady Adelaide Cadogan published one of the first books dedicated to solitaire in 1874, titled "Illustrated Games of Patience."
Records show that even Napoleon Bonaparte played solitaire during his exile on St. Helena, leading to the popular variants "Napoleon’s Exile" and "Napoleon’s Square".
Spread to America
Solitaire crossed the Atlantic with European immigrants in the 19th century, quickly finding a place in American culture. By the 1890s, it had become a common household pastime throughout the United States.
Americans generally adopted the name "solitaire" rather than "patience," emphasizing the solitary nature of the game. The first American publication on the game appeared in 1865 in Dick's Games of Patience.
During the California Gold Rush, miners played solitaire to pass time in isolated camps. This period saw the development of distinctly American variations like Klondike, which became the standard version in the United States.
Terminology and Variations
The classic card game known commonly as Solitaire has acquired numerous regional names as it spread across the globe. These variations often reflect cultural adaptations and sometimes include slight rule modifications while maintaining the essential gameplay elements.
Patience in the United Kingdom
In the UK, Solitaire is widely known as "Patience," a name that perfectly captures the temperament required to play the game successfully. This term dates back to the late 18th century when the game gained popularity among British aristocracy.
British card game books from the Victorian era frequently referenced Patience, establishing it firmly in UK gaming culture. The name suggests the virtue needed to methodically work through the tableau.
Many traditional British families still use "Patience" exclusively, often unaware that Americans call the same game "Solitaire." British card game collections typically list dozens of Patience variants, including La Belle Lucie and Accordion.
Klondike in Canada
Canadians primarily use the term "Klondike" for the standard solitaire game. This name originated during the Klondike Gold Rush of the 1890s in the Yukon Territory.
Prospectors and miners in isolated camps played the game extensively to pass time during the harsh Canadian winters. The connection between the gold-seeking activity and the patient hunt for card sequences created a natural association.
Canadian gaming traditions preserved this nomenclature even as American terminology spread through modern digital versions. Interestingly, some Canadian regions along the UK-influenced eastern provinces still use "Patience" interchangeably with "Klondike."
Kabal in Scandinavia
Across Scandinavian countries, particularly Denmark, Norway, and Sweden, the game is known as "Kabal" or variations like "Kabale" and "Kabalspel." The term derives from "cabala," relating to mystic interpretation.
Scandinavian versions often feature unique rule variations suited to long winter evenings. Finnish players might use slightly different terms but recognize the same basic gameplay elements.
The Scandinavian tradition includes distinctive scoring systems not common elsewhere. Some regional variations allow specific rule modifications that make the game easier to win in certain situations.
Norwegian families often pass down special Kabal variants through generations, creating family-specific traditions that modify the standard rules.
Modern Adaptations
The classic solitaire game has evolved significantly in the digital age, with various branding approaches and expanded presence across different media platforms. These adaptations have introduced new names and variations while maintaining the core gameplay that players have enjoyed for centuries.
Online gaming platforms often employ hybrid naming strategies, combining "Solitaire" with local terms (e.g., "Solitaire: Classic Patience") to improve searchability while acknowledging cultural variations.
Cultural Impact
Solitaire's influence extends far beyond casual gameplay, embedding itself deeply in our cultural consciousness through various media and serving as a mindfulness practice for many.
Solitaire as a Tool for Mindfulness
We've observed solitaire increasingly recognized for its meditative qualities. The repetitive yet engaging nature of the game creates a flow state similar to mindfulness practices.
Psychologists note that playing solitaire can reduce anxiety by focusing attention on a simple, controllable activity.
In Japan, where the game is known as "Napoleonic," it's sometimes recommended as a form of "active meditation" alongside traditional practices. Swedish mental health professionals occasionally suggest "Patience" as a stress-management technique.
The game requires presence and attention without overwhelming cognitive load, making it an accessible mindfulness tool across cultures. Many players report that regular solitaire sessions help clear their minds after busy days.
Game Mechanics Across Countries
While Solitaire maintains its core elements worldwide, gameplay mechanics vary notably across different countries, influencing rules, layouts, and scoring approaches that reflect regional gaming traditions.
Rules and Layout
In the United States and Canada, the standard Klondike layout uses one deck with seven tableau piles arranged in a cascading manner. Cards are typically built in descending order with alternating colors. The United Kingdom follows similar patterns but often refers to the tableau as the "layout" or "tableau proper."
In Germany, where the game is called "Patience," players frequently use the Freecell variation with slightly different tableau arrangements. All cards are dealt face-up, creating a more strategic gameplay experience.
Russian versions ("Pasjans") often use stricter rules regarding which cards can be moved to foundations. Only the top card of each tableau pile may be transferred directly to foundations.
In France, "Réussite" players sometimes allow moving built sequences between tableaus only if they maintain the same suit, making the game considerably more challenging.
Regional Preferences in Solitaire Gaming
Solitaire gaming preferences vary significantly across different regions of the world, with distinct patterns in both traditional card game variants and online engagement. Cultural factors and historical gaming traditions strongly influence which versions of solitaire have become most popular in different countries.
Preferred Variants by Region
In North America, the classic Klondike version reigns supreme, often simply called "Solitaire."
In the United Kingdom, players often prefer Patience rather than Solitaire, with Clock Patience and Accordion enjoying particular popularity. The British tradition of card games has preserved several variants that are less common elsewhere.
French players typically enjoy La Belle Lucie (Beautiful Lucy). This challenging variant reflects the French preference for games requiring careful planning.
In Russia and Eastern Europe, Kosynka (Косынка) dominates as the preferred term for Klondike. Other popular regional variants include Grandfather's Clock and Russian Solitaire.
Scandinavian countries show a strong preference for Spider Solitaire, particularly in Sweden and Norway. The four-deck version is especially popular during the long winter months.
Conclusion
No matter how you call it or the version you prefer, solitaire card games have been around for a long time, and it isn’t going anywhere. You can find out more about Klondike and our many Solitaire card games available by taking a look at our selection of games and downloading them for yourself.
